What if I put my information in through a possible verification scam? What should I do next to protect myself?
You call your bank and credit card provider right now and let them know what happened.
In addition to notifying your bank and cc provider as TheVintagePineapple advised, if you clicked on any links or scanned a QR code, run a virus and malware scan on your device just to be safe in case a keystroke logger was attached.