There is some speciality vinyl which is made for laser printers. However I don't think its a very cost effective option. There are several ways stickers are made, ie screen printed, ecosolvent printed, solvent printed, and latex.
For one to two color simple shapes (rectangles, circles etc) It's hard to beat stickerguy.com. They screen print their stickers. We, on the other hand, print our stickers digitally on a eco friendly latex printer and then cut them on a graphtec plotter (big brother to the silhouette).