reading the study, which I did, all the way through, since I'm a scientist.
The issue is in prepubertal boys, since both lavender & tea tree oil were found to have both mild estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects. Kinda like a double whammy. It's not a concern after puberty, because of the strong androgens that kick in with that in boys, just pre-puberty.
The 3 cases were boys, 4, 10 & 11, who were slowly developing breasts. 2 had tea-tree oil + lavender applied, and one only lavender. They also tested the oils in cells that have estrogen receptors, and found they caused increased growth and receptors. WHen the oils were discontinued, the boys' breasts returned to normal.
The conclusion states
"This report raises an issue of concern, since lavender oil and tea tree oil are sold over the counter in their "pure" form and are present in an increasing number of commercial products, including shampoos, hair gels, soaps, and body lotions. Whether the oils elicit similar endocrine-disrupting effects in prepubertal girls, adolescent girls, or women is unknown. Since gynecomastia is labeled idiopathic in approximately 10% of men, one might speculate that unidentified exogenous sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals may contribute to the onset or progression of the condition, or both, in such patients.1
The results of our in vitro studies indicate a dose–response relationship in the estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities of lavender oil and tea tree oil, suggesting that susceptibility to gynecomastia or other manifestations of endocrine disruption may require exposure to a threshold dose of these oils. The threshold might depend on several undefined factors, including the concentration of the oil in a product; the duration, frequency, and quantity of use of the product; and the genetic characteristics of persons exposed. Until epidemiologic studies are performed to determine the prevalence of gynecomastia associated with exposure to lavender oil and tea tree oil, we suggest that the medical community should be aware of the possibility of endocrine disruption and should caution patients about repeated exposure to any products containing these oils."
A good study, in a reputable journal, directed at doctors. The final phrase "we suggest that the medical community should be aware of the possibility of endocrine disruption and should caution patients about repeated exposure to any products containing these oils." is a caveat that should be listened to.
Of course, now that the word is out, I expect all the pot-smokers with gynocomastia will now claim "it's the tea tree oil I use after I shower!!!"