Hi Molly - Your idea is great and you are absolutely permitted to create a digital listing as you described.
I would not suggest putting a guest pass link to your linesheet in your Etsy about page or announcement, but rather to ask potential buyers to request access from you.
The idea of the guest pass is that you only give it to buyers you trust since the linesheet contains your business policies and wholesale prices. It may cause confusion for your regular buyers to see the same items for a different price.