Danni from TheHenPen 8:11am Jan 11, 2017 EST edited
What is your opinion on small businesses tracking inventory for sake of reporting COGS at the end of the year versus taking the item purchase as an expense at the time it is purchased? I've heard advice both ways from different CPAs and have struggled with which method I should be using. Thank you!
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Excellent question. Everybody seems to struggle with this.
There are many rules that pertain to tracking inventory. However, I’ll summarize to keep it brief. I recommend that you consult with your tax accountant so that they can provide you with advice that fits your particular situation.
Generally, if you “manufacture” goods then you are required to track inventory - regardless of the amount of inventory.
For federal income tax purposes, you don’t get a deduction for inventory until you sell it.
Inventory consists of “raw materials” - the items that it takes to manufacture an item.
Inventory includes:
-Products not sold yet
-Raw materials (materials used to make the things you sell)
-Work in process (merchandise that is not completed yet)
-Supplies used to make the things you sell (unless they are “incidental” or insignificant)
Here is an easy way to track your inventory:
-Track your inventory on or around the last day of the year (around December 31)
-Gather items that would be considered inventory
-Make a list (quantity, description, and what you paid for it)
-Add up the total cost that you paid for it
To determine what you paid for it – look at the invoices or receipts. If you don’t have these then look up the current cost online and keep records of how you obtained these amounts. Otherwise make your best estimate and write down that it’s an estimate. The total of the year-end inventory is entered in the Cost of Goods Sold worksheet of Schedule C.
Here are some tips to make things simpler.:
- I would not bother to track inventory for small amounts (probably under $500).
(This is not a rule - just what I would do. Use your best judgment here).
-For tax purposes, remember that you only need to track the amount of inventory that you held as of the end of the tax year. You don’t need to worry about tracking inventory at any other time of the year (for tax purposes anyway).
-Be clear as to what constitutes “inventory” versus incidental supplies. For example. I used to sell designer handbags on Etsy. My raw materials inventory consisted of the fabric that I used to make the bags. In some cases I purchased bolts of fabric or several yards of fabric. I did not count the thread that I used to sew the bags as “inventory”. I considered thread as supplies. That’s because thread is inexpensive (an “incidental” cost).
For more information from the IRS about this topic, look at Publication 538 at
https://www.irs.gov/publications/p538/ar02.html#en_US_201212_publink1000270702